How Does the Loop of Henle Enable the Mammalian Kidney

question 28

Multiple Choice

How does the loop of Henle enable the mammalian kidney to produce hypertonic urine?
I-The ascending limb of the loop actively extrudes Na+.
II-The descending limb interacts with the ascending limb to raise the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid in the renal medulla.
III-The concentration is further enhanced by the presence of urea,which draws water out of the collecting ducts by osmosis.

• A)just I
• B)II and III
• C)just III
• D)I and II
• E)I,II,and III

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Definitions:

Median

The middle value in a data set, which effectively divides the dataset into two halves, with one half having values above the median and the other half below.

Mean

The arithmetic average of a set of numbers, calculated by adding them together and dividing by the number of values.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values, indicating how much the values deviate from the mean.

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers, indicating the spread or dispersion of the dataset.