Why Have Plants Been Implicated in the Ordovician and Devonian

question 16

Multiple Choice

Why have plants been implicated in the Ordovician and Devonian glaciations,but not the Proterozoic glaciations?

• A)Proterozoic plants used anoxygenic photosynthesis.
• B)Proterozoic plants had simple root structures that did not increase rock weathering.
• C)Land plants had not yet evolved during the Proterozoic.
• D)The nonvascular plants present during the Proterozoic did not contribute to global nutrient cycles.

Identify various methods for measuring pain, including self-reports, physiological measures, and behavioral assessments.

Analyze the implications of pain perception variations among different demographic groups, including by ethnicity, gender, and culture.

Understand the relationship between pain and psychopathology, and how pain may be reinforced or modified by psychological states.

Examine the role of attention, beliefs, and expectancies in the experience of pain.