Ecological Validity Can Be Threatened By

question 34

Multiple Choice

Ecological validity can be threatened by:

• A) experimenter bias.
• B) the Hawthorne effect.
• C) demand characteristics.
• D) all of these

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Definitions:

Manifest Content

The literal, surface level content and storyline of a dream, as remembered by the dreamer.

Subliminal Content

Hidden messages or stimuli not consciously perceived but may influence thoughts and behaviors.

Overt Content

The explicit or surface level information or material presented in a communication or work, as opposed to underlying meanings or themes.

Dream Recall

The ability to remember the details of dreams after waking.