What Term Refers to the Number of Scores That Are

question 39

Multiple Choice

What term refers to the number of scores that are free to vary?

• A) sum of squares
• B) N
• C) degrees of freedom
• D) variance

Identify the primary target demographics for early American colleges.

Comprehend the strategic importance of the Battle of Monongahela in the context of the French and Indian War.

Evaluate how immigration from Ireland and Germany in the mid-19th century transformed the North American landscape.

Discuss the causes and consequences of the French and Indian War, supporting the notion of it being the first world war.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

The strengthening of a behavior because a negative condition is stopped or avoided as a consequence of the behavior.

Punishment

A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future, often used in behavior management strategies.

Shaping

A process in behavioral psychology where successive approximations of a behavior are reinforced to teach a new behavior.

Primary Reinforcers

These are naturally reinforcing stimuli, such as food or water, that satisfy biological needs and do not require learning to become effective.