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question 57

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Refer to the figure to answer this question. Describe the phenotypic plasticity of common pond snails in the absence of mates, and explain the costs and benefits of that phenotypic plasticity.

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Definitions:

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique used to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety disorders through gradual exposure to the feared object or situation.

Flooding

In behavior therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into a feared situation until his or her panic subsides.

Counterconditioning

A behavior therapy technique where a positive response is conditioned to replace a negative or undesirable response to a stimulus.

Unconditional Positive Regard

A concept in client-centered therapy proposing that therapists should accept and support their clients without judgment.