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Why have non-native earthworms caused a decline in salamander populations in North America?
Regulator
An entity or mechanism that controls the rate or activities of a system, often used in the context of governing bodies or physiological processes.
Phenotype
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Chronic Stress
A long-term and constant form of stress, deriving from unresolvable issues that lead to a state of ongoing physiological arousal.
Immune System
A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against infections and diseases.
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