You Observe Three Beech-Maple Forests in Indiana That Began as Ponds

question 6

Multiple Choice

You observe three beech-maple forests in Indiana that began as ponds. How might you determine whether they all started succession with the same community composition?

• A) Carbon date the maple and beech trees to see how long they have been living; older trees would suggest a more diverse starting community.
• B) Calculate the species diversity of lichens found on the trees.
• C) Try growing different types of pioneer species at each site.
• D) Sample the soils at each site for pollen and carbon date them to get an estimate of the species that appeared first at the site.

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Definitions:

Closed Membership

Closed Membership implies a restricted entry system where members are admitted based on certain criteria, and new entries are limited or require special admission processes.

Developmental Stages

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Cohesion

The degree to which members of a group are united in pursuing their goals and how well they bond with each other.

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