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Using the Acid Dissociation Constants for Alanine (Ka1 = 5

question 18

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Using the acid dissociation constants for alanine (Ka1 = 5.1 × 10−3 and Ka2 = 1.8 × 10−10) ,calculate the [Z]/[A−] ratio at pH 11.50.(Z = Zwitterion,A− = deprotonated anion)


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Out-group

A social group to which an individual does not identify or belong, often seen as different or separate from one’s own in-group.

Stereotype

Overgeneralized beliefs about a particular group of people, which do not take individual differences into account and can lead to prejudicial attitudes and discrimination.

Antisocial Behavior

Actions that harm or lack consideration for the well-being of others, often violating social norms.

Scapegoating

The practice of unfairly blaming an individual or group for problems or negative outcomes, often as a way of deflecting responsibility.

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