Use the Standard Reduction Potentials Below to Determine Which Element

question 31

Multiple Choice

Use the standard reduction potentials below to determine which element or ion is the best reducing agent. $\begin{array}{ll}\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q) +4 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) +3 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}(g) +2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(t) & E^{\circ}=+0.955 \mathrm{~V} \\\mathrm{Pd}^{2+}(a q) +2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Pd}(s) & E^{\circ}=+0.90 \mathrm{~V} \\2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) +2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g) & E^{\circ}=0.00 \mathrm{~V}\end{array}$

• A) Pd²⁺(aq)
• B) Pd(s)
• C) H⁺(aq)
• D) H₂(g)
• E) NO₃^-(aq)

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Definitions:

Prototypes

A cognitive representation of a typical member of a category, used to enhance memory and identification by providing examples that epitomize common features within that category.

Representativeness Heuristic

A thinking strategy based on how closely a new object or situation is judged to resemble or match an existing prototype of that object or situation.

Availability Heuristic

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.

Additive Strategy

A decision-making approach in which each alternative is rated on each of the important factors affecting the decision and the alternative with the highest overall rating is chosen.