Today, Astronomers Can Measure Distances Directly to Worlds Like Venus

question 27

Multiple Choice

Today, astronomers can measure distances directly to worlds like Venus, Mars, the Moon, or the satellites of Jupiter by

• A) bouncing radar beams off them
• B) using x-ray telescopes
• C) using the Hubble Space Telescope to triangulate with
• D) using Cepheid variable stars that lie behind the planets
• E) sending graduate students out with very long tape measures

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Definitions:

Social-learning Approach

The social-learning approach is a theory in psychology that suggests individuals learn behaviors through observing others, imitating them, and seeing the consequences of these behaviors.

Imitation

The action of using someone or something as a model and attempting to replicate their behavior, actions, or features.

Vicarious Punishment

Learning that occurs when the likelihood of a behavior decreases after observing the negative consequences applied to another individual's behavior.

Vicarious Reinforcement

Learning that occurs by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior, without experiencing the reinforcement directly.