The Causal Effect of an Independent Variable Is the Difference

question 2

True/False

The causal effect of an independent variable is the difference between two potential outcomes.

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Definitions:

Arrector Pili Muscles

Arrector pili muscles are small muscles attached to hair follicles that, when contracted, cause hair to stand up, producing what is commonly known as goosebumps.

Goose Bumps

The reflex erection of hairs on the skin in response to cold, fear, or other stimuli, creating a pimpled or goosebump appearance.

Lose Heat

The process by which the body releases excess temperature through mechanisms such as radiation, convection, conduction, or evaporation.

Bedsore

A type of pressure ulcer that develops on skin and tissues as a result of prolonged pressure, commonly affecting individuals who are bedridden or immobilized.