If the Decision to Include Average Tenure at the Company

question 15

Multiple Choice

If the decision to include average tenure at the company as a control variable in an attempt to estimate if West coast store locations are outperforming store locations in the rest of the country (i.e., the regression, StoreProfits_i = β₀ + β₁West Coast_i + β₂Avg.Tenure_i + U_i) , which of the following conditions need to be true in order for the estimate of β₁ to be the same regardless of whether Avg. Tenure is used as a control or not?

• A) The p-value on average tenure is low.
• B) The p-value on average tenure is above 0.10
• C) Average tenure and West Coast are uncorrelated.
• D) The semi-partial correlation of Store Profits on West Coast holding Avg. Tenure fixed is zero.

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Definitions:

Fixed-Interval Schedule

A type of reinforcement schedule where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.

Variable-Interval Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed, creating a variable pattern of reinforcement.

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after a specified number of responses, leading to a high and steady rate of responding.