Suppose You've Assumed the Following Two Data-Generating Processes: (1) Y_i

question 9

Multiple Choice

Suppose you've assumed the following two data-generating processes: (1) Y_i = f (H_i, J_i) and (2) J_i = g (X_i, Z_i) . What do these assumptions imply?

• A) J has a direct causal effect on H.
• B) Z has a direct causal effect on Y.
• C) X has an indirect causal effect on J.
• D) Z has an indirect causal effect on Y.

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Definitions:

Property Tax Rate

The percentage of a property's assessed value that is levied annually as tax by local governments, used to fund public services and amenities.

City Services

Public services provided by a city or town to its residents, such as water supply, sewage, trash collection, and emergency services.

Mill Rate

The amount of tax payable per dollar of the assessed value of a property, usually expressed in mills per dollar.

Graduated Commission

A commission structure where the rate of commission increases with the amount of sales or other measurable achievements.