Which of the Following Is a Possible Source of Bias

question 3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a possible source of bias due to investigator and experimenter expectancies?

• A) Previous contact between an experimenter and participants due to need of prior familiarity
• B) Noncompliance with some experimental procedures because of the investigator's lack of awareness about their importance
• C) Preconceptions and stereotypes among participants about an experimenter's racial or ethnic group
• D) Differences in the levels of enthusiasm of experimenters while administering studies to the various groups in a study