Which of the Following Is a Weakness of Within-Subjects Design

question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a weakness of within-subjects design?

• A) Error variance due to normal individual variability tends to be high.
• B) It is more time consuming when compared to a between-groups design.
• C) Statistical power tends to decrease unless the number of participants are doubled.
• D) Order effects can't be controlled and tend to confound results.

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Definitions:

Cognitive Confusion

A state of disorientation and mental uncertainty that affects an individual's ability to think clearly, often characterized by difficulty in understanding, decision making, and remembering.

Deviance

Behavior or characteristics that violate social norms or expectations, often leading to social disapproval or sanction.

Maladaptive Behaviour

Actions or tendencies that are counterproductive to oneself or to society, often preventing individuals from adapting or coping with various situations healthily.

Personal Distress

Emotional discomfort or pain experienced by an individual, which can stem from various psychological, social, or physiological sources.