Define Psychoneuroimmunology

question 26

Essay

Define psychoneuroimmunology. Explain how this field reflects the biopsychosocial rather than the biomedical model of health. Making explicit reference to the model of stress and disease developed in the text, suggest at least two ways that psychoneuroimmunologists could pay increased research attention to the social component of the biopsychosocial model of health.

Identify and decide when to use parameters versus statistics.

Understand the impact of sample size on statistical measures.

Recognize calculations errors specifically with variance and standard deviation.

Understand the effect of outliers on statistical measurements.

---

Definitions:

Autonomy Versus Shame

A stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development where toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.

Mirror Neurons

are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing that same action, thought to be crucial for learning through imitation.

Endogenous Smile

A smile that originates internally, often reflecting genuine happiness or contentment, not prompted by external stimuli.

Social Stimuli

External cues or actions from others that can influence an individual's behavior or emotional state.