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How Is Causality Established in Experimental Research,and How Does This

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Essay

How is causality established in experimental research,and how does this differ when using nonexperimental research designs? Why do both experimental and nonexperimental designs exist in social sciences?


Definitions:

Digest

The process of breaking down food through mechanical and chemical means into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body.

James-Lange Theory

A theory of emotion suggesting that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion, implying that emotions are a result of the interpretation of bodily reactions.

Appraisal Theory

A theory in psychology that describes how individuals evaluate events as beneficial or harmful to their well-being, which then determines their emotional response.

Emotion

A complex psychological state involving subjective feelings, physiological arousal, and observable behavior.

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