Time Order Cannot Be Established in Cross-Sectional Research Designs

question 31

True/False

Time order cannot be established in cross-sectional research designs.

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Definitions:

Fake Treatments

Interventions or procedures that are designed to mimic real treatments but do not contain any active ingredients or therapeutic value, often used in the context of clinical trials as placebos.

Experiment

A controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.

Independent Variable

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable.

Manipulated

Altered, controlled, or handled skillfully, often with the implication of unfairness or deceit.