Affirmative Action

question 20

Multiple Choice

Affirmative action

• A)was tested by Allan Bakke in the 1970s,who was an applicant to medical school.
• B)was initiated in the 1880s,after the Civil War,as a mechanism to offer African Americans the chance to attend school.
• C)applies primarily to Hispanics,and has been legally challenged as to whether it should apply to other groups.
• D)Was originally created in the early twentieth century to enhance opportunities for women,but has more recently focused on racial or ethnic minorities.

Recognize the importance of environmental factors and community infrastructure in disease prevention.

Understand the historical development of public health initiatives and their impact on community health.

Analyze the role of government and non-governmental organizations in the advancement of public health.

Identify key figures and their contributions to public health and nursing.

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Definitions:

Barriers to Entry

Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter a market, including high startup costs, strict regulations, or strong incumbents.

Excess Capacity

The situation where a firm or economy can produce more goods or services than currently produced, indicating under-utilization of resources.

Marginal Costs

The additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a product, which can vary as production scales.

Diseconomies of Scale

A situation where an increase in production leads to higher average costs for firms, contrary to economies of scale.