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A child is presented with two identical balls of clay. The experimenter rolls one ball into a long, thin shape; the other remains in its original ball form. The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece of clay. If the child answers the problem correctly but cannot use abstract reasoning yet, the child most likely is in which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Intellectual Challenges
Tasks or problems that require significant mental effort or creativity to solve, often contributing to cognitive development or understanding.
Reflectiveness
The capacity to examine and analyze one's own thoughts, feelings, and actions critically and thoughtfully.
Field Dependence
a cognitive style characterized by a reliance on external frames of reference and the tendency to perceive and interpret information in terms of the total field.
Field Independence
A cognitive style in which individuals can easily separate details from the surrounding context, often performing well in tasks requiring finding a figure embedded in a background.
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