Russell Conducts an Experiment to Study Children's Theory of Mind

question 28

Multiple Choice

Russell conducts an experiment to study children's theory of mind. He selects participants and divides them into two groups. The first group consists of 3-year-olds, whereas the second group consists of 5-year-olds. Russell takes a box of crayons and places candies in them. He opens the box and shows it to both groups. Next, he asks the first group what a child who has never seen the box will think is actually inside the box. The group replies, "Candies!" To the same question, the second group replies, "Crayons!" This scenario illustrates that

• A) children refer to cognitive states earlier than they refer to desires.
• B) 3-year-old children have a deepening appreciation of the mind.
• C) 5-year-old children believe that people's behaviors necessarily reflect their thoughts and feelings.
• D) children younger than 4 years old do not understand that it is possible to have a false belief.

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