The Plaintiffs Were Growers of Oranges in Spain and the Defendants

question 26

Multiple Choice

The plaintiffs were growers of oranges in Spain and the defendants were ship owners.The plaintiffs wished to export their oranges to England and shipped them to the defendants' vessel,relying on an oral promise by the defendants' agent that the vessel would sail straight to London.In fact,the vessel went first to Antwerp,so that the oranges arrived late in London and the plaintiffs lost a favourable market.When the plaintiffs claimed damages for breach of contract,the defendant owners relied on the bill of lading,which expressly allowed them to proceed "by any route whether directly or indirectly" to London.In this case

• A)the bill of lading is evidence of the entire contract between the plaintiffs and ship owners.
• B)the bill of lading contains an express term,and the defendants are bound by that term.
• C)the contract consists of both the written bill of lading and the oral promise by the defendant's agent.
• D)evidence of the oral promise of the defendant's agent cannot be admitted because of the parol evidence rule.
• E)the court will find that there is no contract at all.

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Definitions:

Direct Transfer

The movement of assets or funds from one type of account or investment vehicle directly to another without taking possession, often seen in IRA or 401(k) rollovers.

Share Certificates

Physical documents issued by a company that certify the holder is the owner of a specified number of shares in that company.

Sole Proprietorship

A business structure in which a single individual owns the company and is responsible for its debts and liabilities.

Double Taxation

A taxation principle referring to income taxes paid twice on the same source of earned income.