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In Which of the Following Decisions Did the Supreme Court

question 42

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In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court state that affirmative action programs are not illegal per se as long as rigid quota systems were not specified for different protected classes?


Definitions:

Organizational Operations

The activities and practices involved in running a business or other organization effectively, including planning, strategy, and execution of various functions.

Mandate

An authoritative command or instruction, often given by voters to elected officials or by higher authorities to subordinates.

Commonsense Notions

Widely held beliefs or judgments that are seen as innate to human cognition without the need for detailed empirical evidence.

Bureaucracies

Organizational structures that manage large-scale public and private operations, characterized by a hierarchical arrangement, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules and procedures.

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