Why Is It Hard to Know Whether Exposure to Messages

question 43

Multiple Choice

Why is it hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking actually change adolescents' behaviors?

• A) Adolescents underestimate their behavior when it comes to alcohol and tobacco use.
• B) Research has found little correlation between smoking in media and adolescent smoking behavior.
• C) Preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations influence what adolescents perceive, what they pay attention to, and what they remember.
• D) Alcohol, drugs, and tobacco are present in almost all media that adolescents consume; therefore, it is difficult to pinpoint their effects.

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Definitions:

Early Childhood Education

The period of formal and informal education that occurs from birth through age eight, focusing on basic skills and cognitive development.

Child-Directed Programs

Educational or recreational activities designed with the specific interests and developmental needs of children in mind.

Academic Instruction

The process of teaching specific knowledge or skills in an educational setting, typically carried out by a teacher or instructor.

Social Smile

A smile that emerges in response to seeing familiar people; occurs in an infant between 6 and 10 weeks after birth.