Fill in the Blanks

question 7

Essay

Fill in the blanks
Poor family structure means that it may not be easy, or even feasible, to use ____1____ ___2____ in order to map the underlying gene for certain types of single gene disorders. The disorder may be extremely rare so that insufficient samples can be obtained, or the vast majority of affected individuals are sporadic cases that arise through a ____3____ ___4____ mutation, such as in severe congenital ____5____ disorders. In the past, gene identification in these cases was sometimes possible using cytogenetic analyses to identify a disease-associated chromosome abnormality. Two or more affected individuals might be identified to have a translocation or ____6____ with a common ____7_____ or a recurring interstitial or terminal ____8_____ might be identified. Once the subchromosomal location of the gene had been identified it was possible to use ____9_____ ____10_____ or ____9_____ ___11____ gene approaches to identify the underlying gene. More recently, a more direct approach, ___12____ ____13____ makes it possible to quickly get to the underlying gene without knowing its chromosomal location.

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Definitions:

Muscle Cells

Specialized cells designed to contract and cause movement; can be classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle cells.

Muscle Fibers

Individual cells of muscles that are long, cylindrical, and capable of contraction to facilitate body movements.

Spindle-Shaped Cells

Cells that taper at both ends and are found in smooth muscle tissues and some types of soft tissue.

Skeletal Muscle

A type of striated muscle tissue that is voluntarily controlled, responsible for movement of the skeleton.