Fill in the Blanks

question 7

Essay

Fill in the blanks
Poor family structure means that it may not be easy, or even feasible, to use ____1____ ___2____ in order to map the underlying gene for certain types of single gene disorders. The disorder may be extremely rare so that insufficient samples can be obtained, or the vast majority of affected individuals are sporadic cases that arise through a ____3____ ___4____ mutation, such as in severe congenital ____5____ disorders. In the past, gene identification in these cases was sometimes possible using cytogenetic analyses to identify a disease-associated chromosome abnormality. Two or more affected individuals might be identified to have a translocation or ____6____ with a common ____7_____ or a recurring interstitial or terminal ____8_____ might be identified. Once the subchromosomal location of the gene had been identified it was possible to use ____9_____ ____10_____ or ____9_____ ___11____ gene approaches to identify the underlying gene. More recently, a more direct approach, ___12____ ____13____ makes it possible to quickly get to the underlying gene without knowing its chromosomal location.

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Definitions:

Social Loafing

The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone.

Illusory Correlation

Illusory correlation is the cognitive bias of perceiving a relationship between variables, typically events or behaviors, even when no such relationship exists.

Censoring Dissent

The act of suppressing opinions that are contrary to those of the majority or in power, often seen in political, social, or cultural contexts.

Group Polarization

The phenomenon where the attitude of a group becomes more extreme than the initial attitude of its members following group discussions.