The Human X and Y Chromosomes Are Thought to Have

question 19

Essay

The human X and Y chromosomes are thought to have evolved from what used to be a pair of autosomes. Unlike homologous pairs of autosomes, the current X and Y chromosomes are very different in many ways, including their DNA composition, DNA sequence classes, and gene content. Comment on the degree of DNA sequence sharing between these two chromosomes, and the consequences of having very different sex chromosomes in males.

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Definitions:

Variable Cost

Costs that change in proportion to the level of production activity or volume, such as raw material costs and direct labor costs.

Fixed Cost

A cost that remains constant, in total, regardless of changes in the level of activity within the relevant range. If a fixed cost is expressed on a per unit basis, it varies inversely with the level of activity.

Margin of Safety Percentage

A metric that measures how much sales can drop before a business reaches its break-even point, typically expressed as a percentage.

Variable Expenses

Costs that vary directly with the level of production or business activity.