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question 25

Essay

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More than half of our genome is composed of families of highly repetitive DNA sequences. Close to 15% of these are composed of tandem repeats of short sequences that are found predominantly at or close to ____1____ and in other regions of ____2____ heterochromatin (which includes much of the long arm of the ___3____ chromosome, and much of the short arms of the five acrocentric chromosomes). The remaining 85% or so of the highly repetitive DNA is made up of interspersed repetitive DNA sequences that are scattered across the genome and belong to families of ____4____ repeats. Only a small fraction of the ____4____ repeats are based on DNA ____4___ (which transpose by a ___5___-and-paste mechanism). The great majority are ____6____ repeats, some of which can actively transpose by a ___7___-and-paste mechanism (which involves using a _____8____ ____9_____ to make cDNA copies of RNA transcripts, with the copies integrating elsewhere in the genome).