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question 6

Essay

Fill in the blanks below.
Retrotransposon repeats account for just over ___1___ % of our genome and are classified into three broad families. One family resembles a class of RNA virus, known as a ___2____. Like a ___2____, they contain direct repeats at their ends, known as ___3____ ____4____ repeats, and full-length family members have the same gene structure as a simple ____2____. A second family of retrotransposon repeats, known as ____5____ , has some full-length copies with sizes of 6-8 kb, and like the retrovirus-like family some of them are able to make a specialized DNA polymerase known as _____6____ ____7_____. A third family of retrotransposon repeats, known as ___8____, have short full-length sequences of between 100 and 300 bp, and are exemplified by ___9____ repeats, the most prolific DNA sequence in the human genome, with a copy number of more than ____10____ ____11_____ repeats. Only a small fraction of the retrotransposon repeats can actively transpose (most are truncated copies or have ____11_____ mutations). ___8____ repeats and other _____8_____ are unable to make a ____6____ ____7_____ but very occasionally do transpose using a ____6____ ____7_____ produced by another retrotransposon.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A behavior reinforcement strategy in which an undesirable or discomforting stimulus is removed after the display of a behavioral response.

Escape Responding

A behavior that is motivated by the desire to terminate an aversive stimulus, resulting in the avoidance or cessation of discomfort.

Scary Movies

Films designed to provoke fear, horror, or terror in their audience, often featuring suspenseful or supernatural elements.

Negative Reinforcement

A type of operant conditioning that occurs when a behavior is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.