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John needs a paperweight to keep open a book from which he is making notes. He does not own a paperweight. There is small red building-brick keeping his door open that would be perfect as a weight, but when John looks at it, he doesn't think of it as a paperweight. In this case, John has fallen prey to
Devil's Advocate
A person who expresses a contentious opinion in order to provoke debate or test the strength of the opposing arguments.
Preparedness Hypothesis
The theory that suggests humans are more rapidly and persistently conditioned to stimuli perceived as evolutionary threats compared to neutral stimuli.
Contraprepared
A psychological term suggesting that through evolution, organisms are predisposed to learn certain associations more easily than others and to find some types of learning difficult or impossible.
Unprepared
The state of not being ready or equipped to deal with a particular task or situation.
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