A 60 Year Old with a 25-Year History of Smoking

question 8

Multiple Choice

A 60 year old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema.Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter.The nurse attributes this finding to:

• A) air trapping.
• B) decreased inspiratory reserve volumes.
• C) increased flow rates.
• D) alveolar destruction.

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Definitions:

Chomsky

Noam Chomsky, a linguist, philosopher, and cognitive scientist known for his theory of generative grammar and critique of behaviorism.

Whorf

An American linguist and anthropologist best known for his hypothesis on the influence of language on thought and perception.

Schachter and Singer

Psychologists who developed the two-factor theory of emotion, proposing that human emotions consist of two components: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.

Epinephrine

A hormone and neurotransmitter also known as adrenaline, involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration) and in the fight-or-flight response.