All of These Periods Are Especially Sensitive to the Biological

question 70

Multiple Choice

All of these periods are especially sensitive to the biological embedding of environmental events EXCEPT:

• A) prenatal development.
• B) the neonatal period.
• C) adolescence.
• D) adulthood.

---

Definitions:

Shaping

A method of conditioning whereby successive approximations toward a desired behavior are reinforced, gradually leading to the acquisition of the target behavior.

Primary Reinforcers

Primary reinforcers refer to stimuli that satisfy basic survival needs and do not require learning to become pleasurable or desirable, such as food, water, and warmth.

Aversive Stimuli

Unpleasant or noxious stimuli used in behavioral conditioning to elicit a negative response, teaching the subject to avoid the stimuli.

Reinforcement Schedule

A plan or rule that determines how often a behavior is reinforced in operant conditioning.