Why Was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology Considered a Challenge

question 57

Multiple Choice

Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?

• A) Whereas Ward embraced the notion of "survival of the fittest," Sumner embraced the notion of "survival of the smartest."
• B) Whereas Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, Sumner argued that as the best fit organisms, humans had great power to promote public welfare.
• C) Whereas Ward believed that Darwinian evolution was an important discovery, Sumner strongly felt that it went against the beliefs of Christianity.
• D) Whereas Ward believed intellect, informed by science, gave humans the ability to shape social change, Sumner believed society functioned according to natural selection.
• E) Whereas Ward denied the existence of evolution, Sumner focused entirely on the scientific theory of evolution as opposed to its social implications.

Recognize the role of the amygdala in evaluating emotional situations and responding to facial expressions communicating emotion.

Identify the effects of damage to specific areas of the cerebral cortex on sensory perceptions, motor skills, and cognitive functions.

Describe the role and location of the cerebellum in coordinating movement and maintaining balance.

Understand how the prefrontal cortex is involved in planning, organizing movements, and suppressing socially inappropriate behaviors.

---

Definitions:

Trapezius

A large, triangular muscle extending over the back of the neck and shoulders, involved in moving, rotating, and stabilizing the scapula and extending the neck.

Scapula

A flat, triangular bone located in the upper back, commonly known as the shoulder blade, that connects the humerus with the clavicle.

Latissimus Dorsi

A large, flat muscle on the back that helps in movement of the shoulders, stabilizes the spine, and assists in breathing.

Pectoralis Major

A large muscle in the upper chest that contributes to the movement of the shoulder and the arm.