As Part of the Process of Normal Development, Children Defend

question 18

Short Answer

As part of the process of normal development, children defend against feelings that are threatening by projecting them onto an attachment figure. When patients attempt to project their distress onto the therapist, it is important for the therapist to engage in __________ (i.e., attend to their own painful emotions).

Distinguish between offers and invitations to negotiate or bid.

Understand the conditions under which an offer can be revoked or rejected.

Clarify the role of acceptance in the formation of a contract, including how and when it may be expressed.

Comprehend the implications of electronic contracts and communications in contract formation.

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Definitions:

Reinforcement Schedule

The pattern or timing in which an organism receives a reward or punishment, influencing the speed and strength of behavior learning.

Fixed-interval

A type of schedule in operant conditioning where rewards or punishments (reinforcements) are presented at fixed time periods, provided that the appropriate response is made.

Variable-interval

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed, in behavioral psychology.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited only by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.