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One Part of Raising Children Is Having to Discipline Them

question 82

Multiple Choice

One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions) , love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child) , and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior) . Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children's preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal. They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = "Not at all effective" and 5 = "Very effective". The results of their analyses are presented below:
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
In conducting this analytical comparison, how should the null and alternative hypotheses be stated?

Definitions:

Oedipus Complex

A Freudian theory in psychoanalytic psychology describing a child's emotions and subconscious sexual desires toward their opposite-sex parent.

Electra Complex

A psychoanalytic theory describing a girl's sense of competition with her mother for the affections of her father.

Psychoanalytic Theory

A comprehensive theory developed by Sigmund Freud that attempts to explain human behavior through unconscious motivations and conflicts.

Freud

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue.