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The debt ratio measures financial gearing and can be determined as:
Initial Antigen
The first exposure of the immune system to a foreign molecule or pathogen, triggering an immune response.
Primary Response
The initial response of the immune system to a new antigen, typically involving the activation and proliferation of specific lymphocytes.
Secondary Response
The immune system's enhanced reaction upon a second or subsequent encounter with an antigen, typically faster and more vigorous than the primary response.
Initial Antigen
The foreign substance or pathogen that triggers an immune response in the body, leading to the production of antibodies.
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