At a Recent Visit to His Doctor for a Yearly

question 80

Multiple Choice

At a recent visit to his doctor for a yearly checkup,Marlon learned that his blood pressure was moderately elevated."I won't put you on blood pressure medication yet," the doctor said,"but I need you to lose at least ten pounds in the next six months.Otherwise we will have to use medication to get your blood pressure back down." In the next six months,Marlon lost 20 pounds.This is an example of __________ motivation.

• A) approach
• B) drive
• C) avoidance
• D) hedonic

---

Definitions:

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli that become reinforcing through their association with primary reinforcers, such as money, grades, or praise.

Vicarious Learning

A learning process where individuals gain knowledge or skills through observing others’ actions, behaviors, and consequences, rather than through direct experience.

Primary Reinforcers

Innate rewarding elements such as food, water, or shelter, that satisfy biological needs and motivate behavior without prior learning.

Aversive Events

Unpleasant or harmful events or stimuli that an individual seeks to avoid or minimize.