Determine Whether the Argument in the Problem Below Is Valid

question 153

Multiple Choice

Determine whether the argument in the problem below is valid or invalid. If valid, name the type of reasoning and if invalid, determine the error in reasoning. Assume that if a number is odd, then it is not even.
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If a³ is even, then a must be even.
A is odd.
Therefore, ​a³ is odd.
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• A) invalid; false chain
• B) invalid; direct
• C) invalid; indirect
• D) valid; indirect
• E) valid; direct

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Definitions:

Trade-Off

The concept of sacrificing one aspect or feature in order to gain another, often used in discussions of decision-making where competing objectives must be balanced.

Timeliness

The characteristic of being done or occurring at a favorable or useful time, especially in the context of decision-making or business operations.

Accuracy

The degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a standard.

Future Event

An occurrence or situation that is expected to happen at a future date, often considered in planning and forecasting.