Determine Whether the Argument in the Problem Below Is Valid

question 104

Multiple Choice

Determine whether the argument in the problem below is valid or invalid. If valid, name the type of reasoning and if invalid, determine the error in reasoning. ​
All mathematicians are clever men.
All clever men are rich.
Therefore, all mathematicians are rich.
​

• A) invalid; direct
• B) valid; indirect
• C) valid; direct
• D) invalid; false chain
• E) valid; transitive

Understand the definitions and concepts related to waste products in mining such as tailings, gangue, spoil, and acid mine drainage.

Describe the characteristics and environmental impacts of acid mine drainage.

Recognize different types of rocks (sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous) and their formation processes.

Identify various mining methods (surface and subsurface) and their environmental implications.

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Definitions:

Static Equilibrium

A state where an object is at rest, and all the forces acting upon it are balanced.

Maculae

Maculae are small, specialized regions in the sensory epithelia, notably in the vestibular system of the ear and the retina, involved in detecting balance and visual changes respectively.

Cristae

The folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria, where the electron transport chain takes place.

Compressed Regions

Areas where tissue, organs, or structures are pressed together or compacted, often leading to reduced function or pain.