Solved

Suppose That John Hands You a Coin to Flip and Wants

question 72

Multiple Choice

Suppose that John hands you a coin to flip and wants to bet on the outcome. Now, John has tried this sort of thing before, and you suspect that the coin is "rigged." You decide to test this hypothesis by taking a sample. You flip the coin twice, and it is heads both times. You say, "Aha, I knew it was rigged!" John replies, "Don't be silly. Any coin can come up heads twice in a row."
The following scheme was devised to allow fair results even if the coin is somewhat biased. The coin is flipped twice. If it comes up heads both times or tails both times, it is flipped twice again. If it comes up heads-tails, this will decide the outcome in favor of the first party; and if it comes up tails-heads, this will decide the outcome in favor of the second party. Will this result in a fair toss even if the coins are biased?

Definitions:

Progressive Movement

A political and social-reform movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that aimed to address the problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption in government.

1916-1920

A period marked by World War I (1914-1918), significant political and social changes worldwide, and the start of the Roaring Twenties.

Declined

A term indicating a decrease in quantity, quality, or strength over time.

Progressive Politics

Political movements or ideologies seeking to address issues of social justice, equality, and reform through governmental action.