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Suppose That John Hands You a Coin to Flip and Wants

question 72

Multiple Choice

Suppose that John hands you a coin to flip and wants to bet on the outcome. Now, John has tried this sort of thing before, and you suspect that the coin is "rigged." You decide to test this hypothesis by taking a sample. You flip the coin twice, and it is heads both times. You say, "Aha, I knew it was rigged!" John replies, "Don't be silly. Any coin can come up heads twice in a row."
The following scheme was devised to allow fair results even if the coin is somewhat biased. The coin is flipped twice. If it comes up heads both times or tails both times, it is flipped twice again. If it comes up heads-tails, this will decide the outcome in favor of the first party; and if it comes up tails-heads, this will decide the outcome in favor of the second party. Will this result in a fair toss even if the coins are biased?

Definitions:

Stereotypic Inferences

Involve drawing broad, oversimplified conclusions about individuals based on their membership in certain groups, often ignoring personal differences.

Salience of Group Membership

The degree to which an individual's affiliation with a group is prominent and affects their behavior and perceptions.

Social Markers

Visible or tangible indicators used to infer or assume an individual's social status, group membership, or identity.

Ethnic Identity

The sense of belonging to a specific ethnic group, incorporating aspects such as common language, culture, and traditions.