Which of the Following Is Not a True Description of the Transduction

question 17

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a true description of the transduction of a stimulus by sensory receptors into signals in the form of action potentials?

• A) Light can cause some molecules to change conformation, which then triggers a cascade of events leading to a change in the cell's membrane.
• B) Molecules in the air travel up the nose to the mucous membranes, where they bend cilia in hair cells, open ion channels, and cause depolarization of the cell membrane.
• C) Pressure from sound waves bends cilia in specialized hearing cells, causing ion channels in the plasma membrane to open or close and resulting in a change in ion flow that depolarizes or hyperpolarizes the membrane.
• D) Many types of molecules can bind to a variety of receptors in taste cells, leading to depolarization of the cell membrane and causing the taste sensation of bitterness.
• E) Na⁺ and H⁺ can flow through sodium and proton channels respectively to directly depolarize the cell membranes of some taste cells, causing the salty or sour taste sensations.

---

Definitions:

Peripheral Nervous System

The peripheral nervous system is the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord, which connect the central nervous system to limbs and organs.

Afferent Nerves

Nerves that carry sensory information from the sensory receptors towards the central nervous system.

Efferent Nerves

Nerves that carry signals away from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands, facilitating action and response.

Motor Nerves

Nerves that carry impulses away from the central nervous system to muscles, stimulating them to contract and produce movement.