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Use the Following Information When Answering the Corresponding Questions)

question 41

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Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions) .
Lymph hearts are pumping structures that drive lymph through the lymphatic system, returning it to the circulatory system a large veins entering the heart. Researchers examined rate and strength of pumping of lymph hearts in two species of amphibi toad Bufo marinus) and a frog Rana catesbiana) . During hemorrhage or dehydration, the volume of blood in the circulatory system falls. A hormone, arginine vasotocin AVT) , is released in these situations. The researchers examined the effect of AVT on lymph heart function. They found that AVT increased pressure at the lymph heart, but did not affect the rate of lymph heart pumping. They also examined the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ANP) , a hormone that is released when blood volume is higher than normal. E. A. DeGrauw and S. S. Hillman. 2004. General function and endocrine control of the posterior lymph hearts in Bufo marinus and Rana catesbiana. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 774) :594- 600.)
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Definitions:

Tradable Pollution Permits

A strategy utilizing the market to limit pollution, offering economic rewards for lowering the levels of emitted pollutants.

Corrective Tax

A tax designed to encourage or discourage certain behaviors by effectively increasing the costs associated with these behaviors, often used for environmental or public health reasons.

Market Demand Curve

A graphical representation showing the quantity of a good consumers are willing and able to buy at different price levels.

Social Optimum

The ideal level of allocation of resources that results in the highest possible economic welfare for society.