Use the Following Information When Answering the Corresponding Questions)

question 41

Multiple Choice

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions) .
Lymph hearts are pumping structures that drive lymph through the lymphatic system, returning it to the circulatory system a large veins entering the heart. Researchers examined rate and strength of pumping of lymph hearts in two species of amphibi toad Bufo marinus) and a frog Rana catesbiana) . During hemorrhage or dehydration, the volume of blood in the circulatory system falls. A hormone, arginine vasotocin AVT) , is released in these situations. The researchers examined the effect of AVT on lymph heart function. They found that AVT increased pressure at the lymph heart, but did not affect the rate of lymph heart pumping. They also examined the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ANP) , a hormone that is released when blood volume is higher than normal. E. A. DeGrauw and S. S. Hillman. 2004. General function and endocrine control of the posterior lymph hearts in Bufo marinus and Rana catesbiana. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 774) :594- 600.)
-What is a diagnosis of hypertension in adults based on?

• A) blood pressure being greater than 140/90 mm Hg systolic/diastolic)
• B) percentage of blood volume made up of platelets
• C) measurement of fatty deposits on the endothelium of arteries
• D) measurement of the LDL/HDL ratio in peripheral blood
• E) number of leukocytes per cubic millimetre of blood

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Definitions:

Ring Oxygen

An oxygen atom that is incorporated into a cyclic structure, often contributing to the ring's chemical properties.

Haworth Structure

A way of representing cyclic sugars as planar rings, focusing on the arrangement of hydroxyl groups around the ring, used in carbohydrate chemistry.

β-D-Glucopyranose

A chemical structure of glucose in its cyclic form, where the glucose molecule forms a six-membered ring, with the hydroxyl group on the first carbon in the beta configuration.

α-D-Ribofuranose

A sugar derivative where the pentose sugar ribose is in its furanose form (a five-membered oxygen-containing ring) and has a specific orientation (alpha) of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon.