You Are a Forester Charged with Increasing Productivity in a South

question 9

Multiple Choice

You are a forester charged with increasing productivity in a South American forest newly planted with pines from Oregon. You believe that the southern forest lacks the fungal diversity needed by the North American pines, and that this lack of fungi is affecting the pines' productivity, but you have no evidence to support your ideas. To count how many fungal species were present in the Oregon forest, which methodology would you choose, and why?

• A) Do direct sequencing on representative soil samples from across the forest.
• B) Collect all the fruiting structures mushrooms, morels, etc.) found aboveground.
• C) Expose the trees to radiolabelled CO₂ and then collect the soil samples with the greatest radioactivity and do direct sequencing.
• D) Count all the plant species and multiply by six, as David Hawksworth did when determining the ratio of fungal to plant species in England.

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Definitions:

Inflation Reduction

Efforts or policies aimed at slowing the rate of inflation in order to stabilize the economy and maintain the purchasing power of currency.

Natural Rate

Often referred to as the natural rate of unemployment, it is the level of unemployment consistent with a stable inflation rate.

Phillips Curves

The economic theory suggesting an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment rates over the short-term.

Expected Inflation

The rate of inflation that consumers, businesses, and investors anticipate will occur in the future, which can influence economic behavior in the present.