Use the Following Information When Answering the Corresponding Questions)

question 15

Multiple Choice

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions) .
Suzanne Simard and colleagues knew that the same mycorrhizal fungal species could colonize multiple types of trees. They w if the same fungal individual would colonize different trees, forming an underground network that potentially could transpor and nutrients from one tree to another S. Simard et al. 1997. Net transfer of carbon between mycorrhizal tree species in the fi Nature 388:579- 82) . Figure 29.2 illustrates the team's experimental setup. Pots containing seedlings of three different tree species were set up and grown under natural conditions for three years; two of the three species formed ectomycorrhizae Douglas fir, birch) and the other cedar) formed arbuscular mycorrhizae. For the experiment, the researchers placed airtight bags over the Douglas fir and birch seedlings; into each bag, they injected either carbon dioxide made from carbon- 13 or carbon- 14 ¹³CO₂ and ¹⁴CO₂, isotopes of carbon) . As the seedlings photosynthesized, the radioactive carbon dioxide was converted into radioactively labelled sugars that could be tracked and measured by the researchers.
Figure 29.2
-Referring to Simard et al. 1997) , what is the result that would most strongly refute their hypothesis?

• A) No movement; carbon- 14 is found in the birch seedling's tissues and carbon- 13 in the Douglas fir.
• B) Either carbon- 13 or carbon- 14 is found in the fungal tissues.
• C) Reciprocal exchange; carbon- 14 is found in the Douglas fir seedling's tissues and carbon- 13 in the birch.
• D) Either carbon- 13 or carbon- 14 is found in the cedar seedling's tissues.

Recognize the addictive nature of nicotine and the challenges associated with quitting smoking.

Identify the relationship between smoking, secondhand smoke, and health outcomes.

Understand the biochemical properties of nicotine and its effects on the human body.

Analyze the strategies used by tobacco companies in marketing and product development.

---

Definitions:

Civil Rights Act

Legislation in various countries aimed at prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and promoting equality.

Verbal Offenses

Verbal offenses involve using words to insult, belittle, or speak harmful untruths about someone, which can lead to emotional hurt and conflict.

Instructional Method

Techniques, strategies, and approaches used by educators to facilitate learning.

Traditional Classroom Programs

Educational courses or curriculums delivered in a conventional classroom setting, characterized by face-to-face interaction between students and instructors.