In Plant Communities Today, Leaf Morphology Is Correlated with Mean

question 29

Multiple Choice

In plant communities today, leaf morphology is correlated with mean annual temperature, so paleobotanists use fossil leaf morphology to estimate the mean annual temperature of paleoclimates. However, the angiosperm fossil record contains an overabundance of samples fossilized near lakes or rivers where vines are especially common. Since vine leaves have a somewhat different association with temperature, use of data from vine-rich locations leads to mean average temperature estimates that are lower than actual recorded temperatures in modern plant communities. This potential bias in paleobotanical climate estimates is due to which type of bias in the fossil record? R. J. Burnham, N. C. A. Pitman, K. R. Johnson, and P. Wilf. 2001.
Habitat-related error in estimating temperature from leaf margins in a humid tropical forest. American Journal of Botany 88:1096-1102.)

• A) Temporal bias
• B) Habitat bias
• C) Taxonomic bias
• D) Abundance bias

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Current-Rate Method

An accounting method used to convert the financial statements of a foreign subsidiary into the parent company’s reporting currency by applying the current exchange rate.

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An exchange rate conversion technique where monetary assets and liabilities are converted at historical rates, while non-monetary assets and liabilities are converted at the current rate.

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