The Following Questions) Are Based on Information in Hopi E

question 41

Multiple Choice

The following questions) are based on information in Hopi E. Hoekstra, Kristen E. Drumm, and Michael W. Nachman, "Ecological Genetics of Adaptive Color Polymorphism in Pocket Mice: Geographic Variation in Selected and Neutral Genes," Evolution 586) , 2004: 1329- 41.
Figure 22.1
-Refer to Figure 22.1. In their investigation of natural selection on Mc1r alleles the gene that determines coat colour) in Arizona pocket mice, Hoekstra et al. determined the frequency of the D and d alleles in each population. They also determined the frequency of alleles for two neutral mitochondrial DNA genes genes that do not affect and are not linked to coat colour) . Why did the researchers include the mitochondrial DNA genes as part of their experimental design?

• A) Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on any general background genetic difference among these populations.
• B) Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on coat- colour differences among these populations.
• C) Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as a control and determines coat- colour differences among these populations.
• D) Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as a control and gives information on any general background genetic difference among these populations.
• E) None of the above answers apply.

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Definitions:

Labor-Force Participation Rate

The ratio of working-age individuals who are either employed or on the hunt for a job.

Unemployment Rate

The fraction of the labor force that lacks employment but is keenly searching for a position.

Labor Underutilization

A situation where a workforce does not utilize its full potential, often reflected in high unemployment, underemployment, and discouraged workers.

Marginally Attached Workers

Individuals who are not in the labor force, desire and are available for work, and have looked for a job sometime in the past 12 months but not in the four weeks preceding the survey.