Evolutionary Theory Predicts That Species Are Related, Not Independent

question 21

Multiple Choice

Evolutionary theory predicts that species are related, not independent. Four of the following examples provide support for this prediction, but one is irrelevant. Which one of these examples does not support the claim that species are related?

• A) The endostyle of lancelets invertebrate chordates) and the thyroid gland of vertebrates develop similarly, and both produce iodinated proteins.
• B) Many dinosaurs and other organisms went extinct following a huge asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous.
• C) Ground squirrel species found on the north and south sides of the Grand Canyon are very similar to each other.
• D) All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to carry their genetic information.
• E) Before synthetic insulin was available, diabetics used injections of purified pig insulin to manage their disease.

Recognize the significance of longitudinal studies in understanding changes over time.

Distinguish between cross-sectional and longitudinal designs and their applications.

Acknowledge the influence of cohort effects on research findings.

Comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of different research designs.

---

Definitions:

Variance

A measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of values, indicating how much the numbers in the set differ from the mean.

Diversifiable Risk

A risk that can be reduced or eliminated from a portfolio through diversification, not linked to the market's movements as a whole.

Company-Specific

Company-Specific refers to factors or risks that affect an individual company's performance, distinct from broader market or industry factors.

Unsystematic Risk

The risk associated with a specific company or industry, which can be mitigated through diversification.