What Is the Driving Force for ATP Synthesis by the ATP

question 51

Multiple Choice

What is the driving force for ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase enzyme?

• A) The electron transfers through the protein complexes.
• B) ADP + P_i \(\rightarrow\) ATP
• C) The oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
• D) The pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

---

Definitions:

Scientific Research

The systematic investigation and study of materials, sources, etc., in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Social Security Tax

A tax imposed on both employers and employees used to fund the Social Security program, which provides retirement, disability, and survivorship benefits.

Wage-Base Limitation

A wage-base limitation refers to the maximum amount of earnings that is taxed for certain social services, such as Social Security, beyond which earnings are no longer subject to the tax.

Regressive

A term typically used to describe a tax system where the tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases, placing a heavier burden on lower-income individuals.